If you or
someone you care for has type 1 diabetes or is taking insulin, you will
probably know that complications may arise if blood glucose levels are
too high or too low. Ketones are the waste products produced when your
body breaks down fatty acids for energy. Toxic ketone levels can build
up and spill into urine.
Minor illnesses like catching a cold, tonsillitis and common infections
(e.g. ear or urinary tract infections) can place extra stress on your
body. During this time, your body may need more insulin to keep blood
glucose levels under control. It may be difficult to tell how an
illness can affect your blood glucose levels.
Sometimes you may feel terrible, but your blood glucose levels may not
fluctuate much. At other times, even minor illnesses can send blood
glucose levels soaring. So when you do not feel well, you should test
your blood glucose levels more frequently.
A rise in blood glucose levels is the first indicator of possible
complications when you are feeling unwell (sick days). Although ketone
levels may also start rising, blood glucose levels rise earlier and at
a quicker rate compared to ketone levels. Therefore blood glucose
levels are a better early indicator of possible complications.
The first important step in preventing a dangerous situation is to test
your blood glucose levels more frequently – every 1 to 2 hours during
sick days and adjust your insulin levels accordingly.
When you are sick
- Follow your Diabetes Sick Day Plan
- Be aware of the symptoms of
hyperglycaemia and rising ketone levels
- Be aware of the symptoms of
hypoglycaemia
- Test your blood glucose levels, check
for ketones and take your temperature
If left untreated, ketone build-up can lead to coma and can even be
life threatening. Contact your healthcare professional immediately if
you detect a build-up of ketones.
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